RoughLine

Organic Underwear

2006-10-29T03:25:00.000-08:00

Natural soft Organic Clothinggoods are hard to find as they can often be a little course. Liv Organic Cotton Goodsare soft and luxurious and their Organic Underwear is to die for.

Arnold, Thomas

2005-03-18T07:46:00.000-08:00

Thomas Arnold was educated at Winchester and at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He was elected a fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, in 1815. After ordination and

Aeschylus

2005-03-17T17:38:00.000-08:00

One of a trilogy of unconnected tragedies presented in 472 BC, Persians (Greek Persai) is unique among surviving tragedies in that it dramatizes recent history rather than events from the distant age of mythical heroes. The play treats the decisive repulse of the Persians from Greece in 480, in particular their defeat at the Battle of Salamis. The play is set in the Persian capital,

Arnolfo Di Cambio

2005-03-15T11:27:00.000-08:00

Arnolfo studied painting under Cimabue and sculpture under Nicola Pisano. He served as assistant to Pisano in 1265–68 in the production of the pulpit for the Siena Cathedral. Arnolfo went to Rome

Western Indian Bronze

2005-03-12T20:05:00.000-08:00

Important hoards have been discovered at Akota, near

Barani, Ziya'-ud-din

2005-03-10T11:51:00.000-08:00

Using mainly hearsay evidence and his personal experiences at court, Barani in 1357 wrote the Tarikh-e Firuz Shahi (“History of Firuz Shah”), a didactic work setting down the duties of the Indian sultan toward Islam. In his Fatawa-ye jahandari (“Rulings

Hume, John

2005-03-09T15:37:00.000-08:00

Originally

Rowing

2005-03-04T20:59:00.000-08:00

In competitive rowing the oar is

Indian National Congress

2005-03-03T20:46:00.000-08:00

Byname Congress Party broadly based political party of India. Formed in 1885, the Indian National Congress dominated the Indian movement for independence from Great Britain and formed most of India's governments from the time of independence through the mid-1990s.

Bach, Wilhelm Friedemann

2005-03-01T06:56:00.000-08:00

W.F. Bach's musical instruction was primarily from his father (who wrote for him, when he was ten, the charming Klavier-büchlein vor Wilhelm Friedemann Bach of keyboard pieces). He also studied the violin. He matriculated

Baker, Sir Benjamin

2005-02-27T18:48:00.000-08:00

In 1861 Baker became an assistant to the consulting engineer John Fowler and by 1875 was his partner. Baker became Fowler's chief assistant in 1869 and as such was responsible for the construction of the subterranean District

Alaska, Health and welfare

2005-02-25T14:13:00.000-08:00

Medical and health clinics and hospitals available to the general public are provided by municipal and borough governments or private

France, History Of, The grandsons of Clovis

2005-02-22T11:32:00.000-08:00

At the death of Chlotar I (561) the Frankish kingdom, which had become the most powerful state in the west, was once again divided, this time between his four sons. The partition agreement, based on that of 511, dealt with more extensive territories. Guntram received the eastern part of the former kingdom of Orléans, enlarged by the addition of Burgundy. Charibert I's share was fashioned

Antimonide

2005-02-20T14:36:00.000-08:00

Any member of a rare mineral group consisting of compounds of one or more metals with antimony (Sb). The coordination of the metal is virtually always octahedral or tetrahedral; i.e., in the former, each metal ion occupies a position within an octahedron composed of six negatively charged antimony ions, whereas, in the latter, the metal ion is surrounded by four negatively

Van Gennip, Yvonne

2005-02-19T17:44:00.000-08:00

At the start of the 1988 Games in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, much of the attention in the women's speed-skating competition was focused on the East German team, which had dominated at the previous Olympics, capturing

Blanqui, Adolphe

2005-02-16T01:48:00.000-08:00

In 1833 Blanqui succeeded Jean-Baptiste Say, under whom he had studied, to the chair of political economy at the Conservatory of Arts and Trades. Blanqui's work blended theoretical and empirical approaches in an

Polaris Missile

2005-02-14T06:09:00.000-08:00

After four years of research and development, the U.S. Navy in 1960 began to deploy nuclear-powered submarines armed with 16 Polaris missiles each. Each missile was 31 feet (9.4 m) long and 4.5 feet (1.4 m) in diameter and was powered by two solid-fueled stages. Three

Lama

2005-02-13T15:36:00.000-08:00

Tibetan Bla-ma (“superior one”) in Tibetan Buddhism, a spiritual leader. Originally used to translate “guru” (Sanskrit: “venerable one”) and thus applicable only to heads of monasteries or great teachers, the term is now extended out of courtesy to any respected monk or priest. The common Western usage of “lamaism” and “lamasery” are, in fact, incorrect terms of reference for Tibetan Buddhism and a Tibetan

Biblical Literature, The American Standard Version

2005-02-11T21:31:00.000-08:00

According to the original agreement, the preferred readings and renderings of the American revisers, which their British counterparts had declined to accept, were published in an appendix to the Revised Version. In 1900 the American edition of the New Testament, which incorporated the American scholars' preferences into the body of the text, was produced. A year later

National Academy Of Sciences

2005-02-09T05:44:00.000-08:00

In 1916 the academy established

Apple

2005-02-06T07:36:00.000-08:00

Fruit of the genus Malus (about 25 species) belonging to the family Rosaceae, the most widely cultivated tree fruit. The apple is one of the pome (fleshy) fruits, in which the ripened ovary and surrounding tissue both become fleshy and edible. The apple flower of most varieties requires cross-pollination for fertilization. Apples at harvest, though varying widely

Armenian Language

2005-02-05T10:58:00.000-08:00

Language that forms a separate branch of the Indo-European language family. (It was once erroneously considered a dialect of Iranian.) Armenian is the mother tongue of the Turkish Armenians and of the Armenians in Armenia, where it is spoken by 2,850,000 people. In other parts of the former Soviet Union, especially in the neighbouring republics of Georgia and Azerbaijan, it is

Pérez De Ayala, Ramón

2005-02-02T07:09:00.000-08:00

Pérez de Ayala studied law at Oviedo University and philosophy and literature at the University of Madrid. During World War I he covered France, Italy, England, South America, and the United States as a correspondent for the Buenos Aires periodical

Albury-wodonga

2005-01-31T02:01:00.000-08:00

Urban centre comprising twin cities on opposite sides of the Murray River and the New South Wales–Victoria border, Australia. By rail the region is about 398 miles (640 km) southwest of Sydney and nearly 186 miles (299 km) northeast of Melbourne. In 1973 the Commonwealth and the two state governments agreed to plan and develop the growing cities through the Albury-Wodonga Development

Manchester

2005-01-30T13:54:00.000-08:00

City, Hillsborough county, southern New Hampshire, U.S. It lies along the Amoskeag Falls (named for the Amoskeag Indians who once inhabited the area) of the Merrimack River, the 55-foot (17-metre) drop of which provides hydroelectric power. Manchester is the state's largest city and the centre of a metropolitan area that includes Goffstown, Bedford, Londonderry, and

Sea Serpent

2005-01-28T22:39:00.000-08:00

Mythological and legendary marine animal that traditionally resembles an enormous snake. The belief in huge creatures that inhabited the deep was widespread throughout the ancient world. In the Old Testament there are several allusions to a primordial combat between God and a monstrous adversary variously named Leviathan or Rahab. Although the references

Scythian Art

2005-01-26T22:37:00.000-08:00

Also called Steppes art decorative objects, mainly jewelry and trappings for horse, tent, and wagon, produced by nomadic tribes that roamed Central Asia from slightly east of the Altai Mountains in Inner Mongolia to European Russia. What little is known of these tribes, called Scyths, or Sacae, in the classical sources, indicates that they established control of the plain north of the Black

France, History Of, Political and social changes

2005-01-23T17:38:00.000-08:00

The structure of the Fourth Republic seemed remarkably like that of the Third; in actual operation it seemed even more familiar. The lower house of parliament (now renamed the National Assembly) was once more the locus of power; shaky coalition Cabinets again succeeded one another at brief intervals, and the lack of a clear-cut majority in the country or in parliament

Meletius Of Lycopolis

2005-01-21T01:03:00.000-08:00

For presuming to ordain clergy and bishops for Christian

Russell Cave National Monument

2005-01-20T03:42:00.000-08:00

Portion of a limestone cavern in northeastern Alabama, U.S., 6 miles (10 km) northwest of Bridgeport and just south of the Alabama-Tennessee border. The cave and site area (0.5 square mile [1.3 square km]) were given to the National Park Service by the National Geographic Society in 1958, and the national monument was created in 1961. The cave is named for Thomas Russell, a veteran of the American

Orumiyeh

2005-01-17T18:56:00.000-08:00

For long periods

Indian Museum

2005-01-16T01:36:00.000-08:00

In Calcutta, oldest museum in India and one of the most comprehensive in the Orient; its collections depict the cultural history of India from prehistoric to Muslim times. The present building, opened in 1875, comprises sections devoted to geology, zoology, industry, archaeology, art, and ethnology. The coin room contains the largest collection of Indian coins in the

Fang

2005-01-14T18:02:00.000-08:00

The Fang speak languages of the Bantu subgroup of the Niger-Congo language family. They can be divided into three

Arendt, Hannah

2005-01-12T02:05:00.000-08:00

Arendt grew up in her native Hannover, Germany, and in Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia). She attended the universities of Marburg, Freiburg, and Heidelberg (from which she received

Wackenroder, Wilhelm Heinrich

2005-01-10T19:05:00.000-08:00

Wackenroder was the son of a senior civil servant whose expectations that he pursue a successful worldly career were incompatible with the boy's natural sympathies and caused him severe conflict

Cambyses I

2005-01-08T02:54:00.000-08:00

Ruler of Anshan c. 600–559 BC. Cambyses was the son of Cyrus I and succeeded his father in Anshan (northwest of Susa in Elam) as a vassal of King Astyages of Media. According to the 5th-century-BC Greek historian Herodotus, Cambyses married a daughter of Astyages, by whom he became the father of Cyrus II the Great.

Scandinavian Literature, The Romantic period

2005-01-05T16:52:00.000-08:00

The Romantic movement came to Denmark from Germany, inspired partly by the German Jena Romantics and partly by the Neoclassicism of Goethe and Schiller. Friedrich Schelling's philosophy was interpreted in Denmark by the Norwegian Henrik Steffens, but the leading Danish Romantics gave it a form very different from the original. The leader of the Romantic movement

Gwandu

2005-01-04T18:48:00.000-08:00

Originally settled by the Kebbawa, a subgroup of the Hausa people, the town was named for the surrounding gandu (“royal farmlands”) that formerly belonged to Muhammadu Kanta, who founded the Kebbi kingdom in the 16th century. Although Fulani

Australia

2005-01-02T01:05:00.000-08:00

The Australian mainland extends from west to east for nearly 2,500 miles (4,000 km) and

Arabian Sea, Transportation

2004-12-31T20:33:00.000-08:00

The Arabian Sea, with its strategic location vis-à-vis the Red Sea (including the Suez Canal) and the Persian Gulf, contains some of the world's busiest shipping lanes; and the chief routes originate in those two extensions. Persian Gulf shipping largely consists of tankers, some of immense capacity, that transit the Arabian Sea en route to destinations in East Asia, Europe,

Iraq, Recurrence of military coups, 196368

2004-12-29T19:32:00.000-08:00

The military faction that brought about the collapse of the Qasim regime preferred to remain behind the scenes rather than assume direct responsibility. The Ba'th Party, a group of young activists who advocated Arab nationalism and socialism, was entrusted with power. Ba'th leaders invited 'Abd al-Salam 'Arif to assume the presidency. A National Council for Revolutionary

Fraser Island

2004-12-26T03:53:00.000-08:00

Also called Great Sandy Island, island off the southeastern coast of Queensland, Australia, separated from the mainland and the port of Maryborough by Hervey Bay and Great Sandy Strait. About 75 miles (120 km) long, it has an area of 625 square miles (1,620 square km). Sand hills rise to nearly 800 feet (250 m), and there are many freshwater lakes stocked with fish. The southwestern part of the island is a tourist resort. Part of Fraser

Lanarkshire

2004-12-24T13:56:00.000-08:00

Also called Lanark historic county of south-central Scotland, roughly coinciding with the basin of the River Clyde. It is bounded to the south by the historic county of Dumfriesshire, to the east by Peeblesshire, Midlothian, and West Lothian, to the north by Stirlingshire and Dunbartonshire, and to the west by Renfrewshire and Ayrshire. It encompasses all of the council areas of South

Forbes, Edward

2004-12-23T08:33:00.000-08:00

While a medical student at Edinburgh, Forbes embarked upon a botanical tour of Norway (1833). Drawn to natural science, he then began an extensive study

Shilling

2004-12-21T03:03:00.000-08:00

Former English (and British) coin, nominally valued at one-twentieth of a pound sterling, or 12 pence. A silver coin of 12 pence, called a teston, or testoon, was first struck in 1504, bearing a profile likeness of Henry VII and engraved by Alexander Bruchsal. This coin was continued by Henry VIII and was renamed the shilling during the succeeding reign of Edward VI. (The direct origin

Wu Ching-tzu

2004-12-19T05:18:00.000-08:00

Wu Ching-tzu was a member of a scholarly and well-to-do family. He succeeded neither academically nor financially, however, and he was unable or unwilling to pass the higher official examinations. He mismanaged his inheritance

Fainting

2004-12-16T06:37:00.000-08:00

In physiology, loss of consciousness owing to a temporary decrease in the blood supply to the brain. See syncope.

Voyager

2004-12-14T13:53:00.000-08:00

Voyager 2, launched on Aug. 20, 1977, traveled more slowly than its

Alesia

2004-12-12T17:25:00.000-08:00

Ancient town situated on Mont Auxois, above the present-day village of Alise-Sainte-Reine in the département of Côte d'Or, France, famous as the site of the siege of Vercingetorix by Julius Caesar in 52 BC that was decisive in his conquest of Gaul. The Gallic town was succeeded on the same site by a Roman town.

Hawthorn

2004-12-09T05:09:00.000-08:00

Also called Haw, or Thornapple, any of a number of thorny shrubs or small trees of the genus Crataegus, in the rose family (Rosaceae), native to the North Temperate Zone. Many species are native to North America. The hawthorn's leaves are simple, and usually toothed or lobed. The white or pink flowers, usually in clusters, are followed by small applelike, red fruits, or more rarely by blue or black

Acanthus

2004-12-06T11:34:00.000-08:00

In architecture and decorative arts, a stylized ornamental motif based on a characteristic Mediterranean plant with jagged leaves, Acanthus spinosus (for illustration, see order). It was first used by the Greeks in the 5th century BC on temple roof ornaments, on wall friezes, and on the capital of the Corinthian column. One of the best examples of its use in the Corinthian

Bonaparte, Charles-lucien, Principe (prince) Di Canino E Di Musignano

2004-12-05T00:37:00.000-08:00

Scientist, eldest son of Napoleon I's second surviving brother Lucien. His publication of American Ornithology, 4 vol. (1825–33), established his scientific reputation. In 1848–49, when he took part in the political agitation for Italian independence against the Austrians, his scientific career experienced a brief hiatus, and he was forced to leave Italy in July

Basal Metabolic Rate (bmr)

2004-12-03T13:09:00.000-08:00

Index of the general level of activity of an individual's body metabolism, determined by measuring his oxygen intake in the basal state—i.e., during absolute rest, but not sleep, 14 to 18 hours after eating. The higher the amount of oxygen consumed in a certain time interval, the more active is the oxidative process of the body and the higher is the rate of body metabolism. The

Afghan War

2004-11-30T08:32:00.000-08:00

The roots of the war lay in the overthrow of the centrist government of President

Hooker, Sir Joseph Dalton

2004-11-29T02:35:00.000-08:00

Hooker,

Boston, Cultural life

2004-11-27T00:40:00.000-08:00

The Boston Symphony Orchestra, which was founded in

Jacobs, W(illiam) W(ymark)

2004-11-24T19:36:00.000-08:00

His early home was a house on a Thames River wharf, where his father was manager. A landsman himself, Jacobs drew on his boyhood memories of seafaring men and dockworkers to create the stories that were to establish him as a writer. His first volume, Many

Gnadenhütten Massacre

2004-11-23T17:45:00.000-08:00

(March 8, 1782), murder of 96 Ohio Indians, mostly Delawares, by an American Revolutionary War officer, Captain David Williamson, and his militia at Gnadenhütten Village south of what is now New Philadelphia, Ohio. The Indians, who had been converted by Moravian Brethren and were peaceful Christians, were under suspicion because of their neutrality in the war. Williamson and

Karachay-cherkessia

2004-11-20T11:57:00.000-08:00

Also called Karachayevo-cherkessiya, republic, Stavropol kray (region), southwestern Russia. It extends south from the foreland plains across the northern ranges and deep intervening valleys and gorges of the Greater Caucasus range as far as the crestline, which reaches 13,274 feet (4,046 m) in Mount Dombay-Ulgen. Cherkessk is the administrative centre. The republic's scenery is spectacular, with densely forested

Gabrieli, Andrea

2004-11-19T17:33:00.000-08:00

Madrigals for three to six voices in various collections; masses in six parts, Primus liber missarum (1572); Magnificat for three choirs; motets; various ricercari and canzoni.

Trieste

2004-11-16T18:24:00.000-08:00

Ancient (Latin) Tergeste, Slovene and Serbo-Croatian Trst, German Triest city and capital of Friuli-Venezia Giulia regione and of Trieste provincia, northeastern Italy, located on the Gulf of Trieste at the northeastern corner of the Adriatic Sea 90 miles (145 km) east of Venice. It was under Roman control by about 177 BC; Julius Caesar made it a colony and recorded its name as Tergeste in his Commentarii de bello Gallico (The Gallic War), written in 52–51 BC. Augustus

Xenacanthus

2004-11-14T07:49:00.000-08:00

Long-surviving but now extinct genus of freshwater sharks. Xenacanthus survived from the end of the Devonian Period, some 360 million years ago, to about the end of the Triassic Period, 208 million years ago. Xenacanthus had a slim, elongated body with a low dorsal fin that extended down most of it, almost merging with the triangular, pointed tail. From the back of the skull, a long,

Weld, Theodore Dwight

2004-11-13T00:40:00.000-08:00

While a ministerial student at Lane Seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio, Weld participated in antislavery debates and led a group of students who withdrew from Lane to enroll at Oberlin (Ohio) College. Weld left his studies in 1834 to become an agent for

Pageant Wagon

2004-11-11T04:17:00.000-08:00

Wheeled vehicle used in the processional staging of medieval vernacular cycle plays. Processional staging is most closely associated with the English cycle plays performed from about 1375 until the mid-16th century in such cities as York and Chester as part of the Corpus Christi festival, but it was also common in Spain, Belgium, and the Netherlands. Each play in the cycle

Race, Human rights versus property rights

2004-11-09T11:32:00.000-08:00

Chattel slavery was not established without its critics. From the beginning, many Englishmen condemned the presence of slavery in English territories. They argued that theirs was a society of free men and of democratic institutions and that it was committed to the preservation of human rights, justice, and equality. For several hundred years, trends in English

Judaism, The making of the Kabbala (c. 11501250)

2004-11-06T02:44:00.000-08:00

It was in these circumstances that, starting around 1150, manifestations of markedly theosophic ideologies appeared in the south of present-day France (in the regions of Provence–Languedoc–Roussillon). Two types can be distinguished at the outset, which are very different as to their manner of appearance, their form, and their content.

Burgess, Ernest Watson

2004-11-04T08:44:00.000-08:00

Burgess received his B.A. (1908) from Kingfisher College (Oklahoma) and his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago (1913). He taught at the Universities of Toledo (Ohio) and Kansas and at Ohio State University before beginning a long career at the University

Iron Gate

2004-11-03T20:52:00.000-08:00

Romanian Portile de Fier , Serbo-Croatian Gvozdena Vrata the last gorge of the Djerdap gorge system on the Danube River, dividing the Carpathian and Balkan mountains and forming part of the boundary between Yugoslavia and Romania. It is about 2 miles (3 km) long and 530 feet (162 m) wide, with towering rock cliffs that make it one of the most dramatic natural wonders of Europe. Near the town of Sip a large rock reef (called Perigrada) obstructed

Algebra, The structural approach dominates

2004-11-01T21:00:00.000-08:00

After the late 1930s it was clear that algebra, and in particular the structural approach within it, had become one of the most dynamic areas of research in mathematics. Structural methods, results, and concepts were actively pursued by algebraists in Germany, France, the United States, Japan, and elsewhere. The structural approach was also successfully applied to redefine

Training, Transfer Of

2004-10-29T03:29:00.000-07:00

Influence the learning of one skill has on the learning or performance of another. Will knowledge of English help a person learn German? Are skillful table-tennis (Ping-Pong) players generally good court-tennis players? Can a child who does not know how to add learn to multiply? Such questions represent the problems of transfer of training.

Aquinas, Thomas, Saint

2004-10-27T20:08:00.000-07:00

Also called Aquinas, Italian San Tommaso d'Aquino, byname Doctor Angelicus (Latin: Angelic Doctor) Italian Dominican theologian, the foremost medieval Scholasticist. He developed his own conclusions from Aristotelian premises, notably in the metaphysics of personality, creation, and Providence.

Juan José De Austria

2004-10-26T17:18:00.000-07:00

Juan José was the son of King Philip IV of Spain and María Calderón, a celebrated actress. He received a princely education and a large

Argentina, Perón in power

2004-10-21T09:04:00.000-07:00

Perón campaigned for the presidency in the elections of 1946. He organized the Labour Party, which was resisted by all the old parties and by the major vested-interest groups. His victory, though narrow, gave him control of both houses of Congress and all the provincial governorships. Perón's political strategy and tactics were authoritarian and personalistic. He politically

Mason, John Mitchell

2004-10-20T02:52:00.000-07:00

Mason developed a plan for theological education and in 1804 founded a seminary of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church in New York City. He believed that the

Paleolithic Period

2004-10-18T20:34:00.000-07:00

At sites dating from the Lower Paleolithic Period (about 2,500,000 to 200,000 years ago), simple pebble tools have been found in association with the remains of what may have been the earliest human ancestors. A somewhat more sophisticated Lower Paleolithic tradition,

Performing Arts, Latin America.

2004-10-16T20:00:00.000-07:00

Generally

Smith, George

2004-10-13T20:31:00.000-07:00

English Assyriologist who advanced knowledge of the earliest (Sumerian) period of Mesopotamian civilization with his discovery of one of the most important literary works in Akkadian, the Epic of Gilgamesh. Moreover, its description of a flood, strikingly similar to the account in Genesis, had a stunning effect on Smith's

Toothwort

2004-10-10T03:40:00.000-07:00

Any of about 10 species of perennial herbs belonging to the genus Dentaria, of the mustard family (Brassicaceae), native to northern temperate areas. The name toothwort refers to the plant's toothed, or scaly, rootstock. The four-petaled flowers, borne in a terminal cluster, are white, pink, or pale purple. Toothwort, pepperwort, or crinklewort (D.

Cádiz

2004-10-07T09:30:00.000-07:00

City, capital and principal seaport of Cádiz provincia, in the comunidad autónoma (“autonomous community”) of Andalusia, southwestern Spain, on a long narrow peninsula extending into the Gulf of Cádiz (an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean). With a 6- to 7-mile (9.5- to 11-kilometre) circumference, hemmed in by the sea from which it is protected by walls, the city has only one land exit. Traditionally

Atacamite

2004-10-06T00:48:00.000-07:00

Green, brilliant halide mineral, basic copper chloride [Cu2(OH)3Cl]. It is a secondary mineral, formed by the oxidation of other copper minerals, particularly under arid conditions; it is widespread as brittle, transparent to translucent crystals in Atacama Province, Chile; in Boleo, Mex.; and in South Australia. For detailed physical properties, see halide mineral

La Fontaine, Jean De

2004-10-04T17:23:00.000-07:00

La Fontaine was born in the Champagne region into a bourgeois family. There, in 1647, he married an heiress, Marie Héricart, but they separated in 1658. From 1652 to 1671 he held office as an inspector of forests and waterways, an office inherited from his father. It was in Paris, however, that he made his most important contacts and spent his most productive years as a writer. An outstanding

Syrian Wars

2004-10-02T16:38:00.000-07:00

(3rd century BC), five conflicts fought between the leading Hellenistic states, chiefly the Seleucid kingdom and Ptolemaic Egypt, and, in a lesser way, Macedonia. The complex and devious diplomacy that surrounded the wars was characteristic of the Hellenistic monarchies. The main issue in dispute between the Seleucids and the Ptolemies was control of southern Syria.

Idku

2004-09-30T16:21:00.000-07:00

Also spelled Edkou, town, northern al-Buhayrah muhafazah (governorate), Lower Egypt. It lies on a sandy strip behind Abu Qir Bay, in the northwestern Nile River delta. Immediately south is Lake Idku, a 58-square-mile (150-square-kilometre) lagoon that stretches some 22 miles (35 km) behind and parallel to the coast and has a maximum width of 16 miles (26 km). Drained by al-Ma'addiyah Channel, connecting with the Mediterranean,

Tarde, Gabriel

2004-09-29T05:41:00.000-07:00

In full Jean-Gabriel De Tarde French sociologist and criminologist who was one of the most versatile social scientists of his time. His theory of social interaction (“intermental activity”) emphasized the individual in an aggregate of persons and brought Tarde into conflict with Émile Durkheim, who viewed society as a collective

Price, Thomas

2004-09-28T10:55:00.000-07:00

A stonecutter in England, Price emigrated to South Australia in 1883, continued his trade, and served as secretary of the masons and bricklayers union (1891–93). At one time he worked in

Anastasius The Librarian

2004-09-27T20:39:00.000-07:00

Related to an Italian bishop, Anastasius became cardinal priest of the Church of St. Marcellus, Rome, about 848, after gaining prominence as a Greek scholar. Deposed in 853 because of political activity, he stood for a short time as antipope to Benedict III (855–858). After

Wied, Gustav

2004-09-26T02:10:00.000-07:00

Wied was the son of a well-to-do farmer. He spent most of his life in provincial surroundings, which provide the usual background for his works. He was a private tutor for years, and then an actor, before he became

Tapestry, 17th and 18th centuries

2004-09-24T10:26:00.000-07:00

It was due to the initiative of Henry IV, whose planning of his nation's economy emphasized the luxury production that has since been commercially important in France, that decisive steps were taken in establishing a French tapestry industry. In 1608 Henry gave official recognition to the French workshop (using the high-warp method) of Girard Laurent and Dubout by establishing

Johansson, Christian

2004-09-24T02:23:00.000-07:00

Johansson studied at the Royal Swedish Ballet School and in Copenhagen with August Bournonville, who was most responsible for establishing the traditions of the Royal Danish

Marseille Faience

2004-09-23T14:36:00.000-07:00

Tin-glazed earthenware made in Marseille in the 18th century. The Joseph Clérissy factory, active in 1677–1733, produced wares usually in blue with purple outlines. The Fauchier factory excelled in trompe l'oeil work and landscapes. The factory of the Veuve Perrin was famous for its enameled “bouillabaisse” decor that included all the ingredients of that famous local fish soup,

France, History Of, The second revolution

2004-09-22T16:33:00.000-07:00

The insurrection of Aug. 10, 1792, did not of course stop the Prussian advance on the capital. As enthusiastic contingents of volunteers left for the front, fear of counterrevolutionary plots gripped the capital. Journalists like Jean-Paul Marat pointed to the prisons bursting with vagrants and criminals as well as refractory clergy and royalists and asked what would

Black Rod

2004-09-20T10:31:00.000-07:00

In full Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod an office of the British House of Lords (the upper house in Parliament), instituted in 1350. Its holder is appointed by royal letters patent, and his title is derived from his staff of office, an ebony stick surmounted with a gold lion. He is a personal attendant of the sovereign in the upper house and there functions as a sergeant at arms; his most prominent duty is the summoning

La Fontaine, Jean De

2004-09-19T00:53:00.000-07:00

The Fables unquestionably represent the peak of La Fontaine's achievement. The first six books, known as the premier recueil (“first collection”), were published in 1668 and were followed by five more books (the second recueil) in 1678–79 and a twelfth book in 1694. The Fables in the second collection show even greater technical skill than those in the first and are longer, more reflective,

Aesthetics, China

2004-09-18T03:51:00.000-07:00

Confucius (551–479 BC) emphasized the role of aesthetic enjoyment in moral and political education, and, like his near contemporary Plato, was suspicious of the power of art to awaken frenzied and distracted feelings. Music must be stately and dignified, contributing to the inner harmony that is the foundation of good behaviour, and all art is at its noblest when incorporated

Carnivore, Form and function

2004-09-17T05:17:00.000-07:00

The smallest living member of the Carnivora is the least weasel (Mustela nivalis), which weighs about two ounces. The largest terrestrial form is the Alaskan grizzly (Ursus arctos), weighing up to 780 kilograms (1700 pounds). The largest aquatic form is the elephant seal (Mirounga leonina), which may weigh 3,640 kilograms (four tons). Most carnivores weigh between four and eight kilograms

Chiao-tso

2004-09-16T21:49:00.000-07:00

Its modern development has been almost entirely based on its rich coal deposits. The mining

Metalanguage

2004-09-16T10:04:00.000-07:00

In semantics and philosophy, language used for the analysis of object language (language that is used to talk about objects in the world). Thus, a metalanguage may be thought of as a language about another language. Such philosophers as the German-born Logical Positivist Rudolf Carnap and Alfred Tarski, Polish-born mathematician, argued that philosophical problems

Novi Sad

2004-09-14T05:09:00.000-07:00

German Neusatz, Hungarian Újvidék, city and administrative capital of the ethnically mixed autonomous region of Vojvodina, Serbia, Yugoslavia. It is a transit port on the heavily trafficked Danube River northwest of Belgrade and is also situated on the Belgrade-Budapest rail line. The Backa canal system connects with the Danube at Novi Sad, which is the economic and cultural focus for northern Vojvodina.

Anterus, Saint

2004-09-13T09:06:00.000-07:00

Pope for several weeks at the end of 235 and the beginning of 236. He was elected (possibly Nov. 21, 235) while St. Pontian, his predecessor, was condemned to the Sardinian mines. Anterus was soon prosecuted and sentenced to death. According to the Liber pontificalis, he was martyred for having ordered a collection of the acts of the martyrs to be made and

Cole, Natalie

2004-09-12T20:42:00.000-07:00

The daughter of legendary crooner Nat King Cole, she earned a degree in child psychology from the University of Massachusetts in 1972. Although uncertain about pursuing a career in entertainment, she accepted a summer job singing

RoughLine

Organic Underwear

Arnold, Thomas

Aeschylus

Arnolfo Di Cambio

Western Indian Bronze

Barani, Ziya'-ud-din

Hume, John

Rowing

Indian National Congress

Bach, Wilhelm Friedemann

Baker, Sir Benjamin

Alaska, Health and welfare

France, History Of, The grandsons of Clovis

Antimonide

Van Gennip, Yvonne

Blanqui, Adolphe

Polaris Missile

Lama

Biblical Literature, The American Standard Version

National Academy Of Sciences

Apple

Armenian Language

Pérez De Ayala, Ramón

Albury-wodonga

Manchester

Sea Serpent

Scythian Art

France, History Of, Political and social changes

Meletius Of Lycopolis

Russell Cave National Monument

Orumiyeh

Indian Museum

Fang

Arendt, Hannah

Wackenroder, Wilhelm Heinrich

Cambyses I

Scandinavian Literature, The Romantic period

Gwandu

Australia

Arabian Sea, Transportation

Iraq, Recurrence of military coups, 196368

Fraser Island

Lanarkshire

Forbes, Edward

Shilling

Wu Ching-tzu

Fainting

Voyager

Alesia

Hawthorn

Acanthus

Bonaparte, Charles-lucien, Principe (prince) Di Canino E Di Musignano

Basal Metabolic Rate (bmr)

Afghan War

Hooker, Sir Joseph Dalton

Boston, Cultural life

Jacobs, W(illiam) W(ymark)

Gnadenhütten Massacre

Karachay-cherkessia

Gabrieli, Andrea

Trieste

Xenacanthus

Weld, Theodore Dwight

Pageant Wagon

Race, Human rights versus property rights

Judaism, The making of the Kabbala (c. 11501250)

Burgess, Ernest Watson

Iron Gate

Algebra, The structural approach dominates

Training, Transfer Of

Aquinas, Thomas, Saint

Juan José De Austria

Argentina, Perón in power

Mason, John Mitchell

Paleolithic Period

Performing Arts, Latin America.

Smith, George

Toothwort

Cádiz

Iraq, Recurrence of military coups, 196368

Judaism, The making of the Kabbala (c. 11501250)